LOW COST DIY 500€ CNC MILL : 23 Steps (with Pictures) - wrightcoma1941
Introduction: Scurvy Toll DIY 500€ CNC MILL
Hi,
in this Instructable I want to testify you, how you keister build your own CNC-Mill for less then 500€. I designed this automobile for CNC-beginners, who don't want to spend a lot of money for their first experiences with CNC machines but also expecting a rigid and professional looking CNC.
This machine is perfect for Godhead, tinker and everyone WHO wants to start CNC-Machining.
In the pricerange of sub 500€ you will not find any strange CNC with these features:
- 710 Watt spindle motor
- MGN linear-rails on all axis
- 1204 ballscrews on completely axis
- actual workarea of 250x220mm
- max. travelspeed of 3000mm/min (at 12V)
- high accuracy of 0.1mm in all axis
- super unbending vena portae skeletal frame (out of one piece of wood and aluminium extrusions)
Infra happening this site, you will find a detailed instruction + a pecker of materials (BOM) with links, where you can source the required parts.
The complete CNC is build exterior of CNC polished screen printing wood plates. Thusly assembling will not glucinium a trouble. For the build up you don't need any expensive tools like (3D-Printers, CNC surgery Lasers). The only special tool is a M5 and M6 thread cutter.
Video of CNC in action:
If you like my Instructable, please voting for me in the Build a Tool Contest
You can see the CNC live at Makerfaire Ruhr 2022
I really like to see, when someone has rebuilded the CNC, so delight post a photo of the CNC in the comments with "I made it" :-)
Exchange Backlog:
- [06.03.2019] Added step "Configure Estlcam for This Machine" + video of test run
- [07.03.2019] Added video of CNC in action
- [15.03.2019] Added photo of Running Parts
Step 1: Mechanical Parts
The complete CNC is designed in Fusion 360, below you bequeath experience the fill out CNC in an reciprocal 3D-simulate:
Required Parts:
CNC-Milled-Parts:
Here are all required CNC-processed parts. You canful buy every the CNC-milled parts in my Online Shop. The total monetary value of totally the CNC-polished parts wish be 150€ + merchant marine.
| Quantity | Description | How the part looks like |
|---|---|---|
| 1x | Y_Axis_Front |  |
| 1x | Y_Axis_Rear |  |
| 1x | Y_Axis_Nut |  |
| 2x | Portal_Side |  |
| 1x | Portal |  |
| 1x | X_Motor |  |
| 1x | X_Bearing |  |
| 1x | X_Carriage |  |
| 1x | Z_Motor |  |
| 1x | Z_Plate_Front |  |
| 2x (normal+mirror) | Z_Plate_Side |  |
| 1x | Spindle_Mount |  |
| 1x | Main_Plate |  |
Aluminium Extrusion Parts:
I am difficult to use as practically standart aluminium extrusion parts, so it will embody relativly easy to source the parts.
| Quantity | Description | Link | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10x | 2040 extrusion bracket | Aliexpress | 9,10€ (for 20 pieces) |
| 2x | 428mm 20x20mm aluminium bulge 6mm slot | dold-mechatronik | 2,07€ |
| 2x | 400mm 20x40mm Al extrusion 6mm slot | dold-mechatronik | 3,70€ |
| 2x | 250mm 20x20mm aluminum extrusion 6mm time slot | dold-mechatronik | 2,60€ |
| 1x | 330mm 20x60mm aluminium extrusion 5mm time slot | dold-mechatronik | 4,26€ |
Nuts, Screws and Washers:
I am trying to be as accurate as possible while counting all the screws and nuts. If you ascertain any fault on the list, please enjoin ME, so I can update the parts list. Also I recommend to buy some more screws.
| Measure | Verbal description | Where to buy | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 84x | M3 T-one-armed bandit Nut Slot 6mm | Aliexpress | 5,60€ |
| 40x | M4 T-slot Nut Slot 6mm | Aliexpress | 5,60€ |
| 4x | M4 T-slot Nut Slot 5mm | Dold-Mechatronik | 0,88€ |
| 32x | M4x20mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | local computer hardware stock | - |
| 32x | M4x16mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | local hardware store | - |
| 8x | M4x12mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | local ironware store | - |
| 8x | M3x16mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | local ironware store | - |
| 52x | M3x12mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | localised ironmongery | - |
| 8x | M3x10mm DIN912 cylindergead screw | local hardware store | - |
| 84x | M3x8mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | localized hardware store | - |
| 6x | M5x20mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | local hardware store | - |
| 12x | M5x10mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | local hardware store | - |
| 16x | M6x20mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw | local hardware computer memory | - |
| 8x | M3 nylon nut | local hardware storehouse | - |
| 24x | M4 nylon nut | local hardware depot | - |
| 8x | M3 washing machine | local computer hardware store | - |
| 6x | M5 washing machine | local ironware store | - |
| 80x | M4 washer | local hardware store | - |
| 16x | M6 washing machine | local computer hardware store | - |
Linear parts and custom machined ballscrews:
For the CNC mill you will motive triad custom machined 1204 ballscrews. I have attached a drawing with the dimesions at the bottom of this step. Additionally you will need MGN12 linear track, ballscrew, bearings and housings. Because it was a littlebit hard to source whol the parts, I contacted a manufacture, who can cater complete these parts for a resonable price. This fabricate bequeath also reach the custom machined ballscrews. You can buy altogether the parts here: Aliexpress
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 1x | 1204 Ballscrew 425mm |
| 1x | 1204 Ballscrew 395mm |
| 1x | 1204 Ballscrew 200mm |
| 4x | 400mm MGN12 Linear Rail |
| 2x | 250mm MGN12 Linear Rail |
| 12x | MGN12H Elongate Rail Wagon |
| 2x | FF10 Ballscrew Supporting |
| 3x | 24mm 1204 Ballscrew Housing |
| 3x | 5 to 8mm shaft coupling (semirigid ; non the red or flexible) |
Measure 2: Electrical Parts
Electrical Parts for the CNC:
Here you will come up altogether the required electronic parts for the CNC mill. For the router you can use the Katsu from Amazon or a Makita RT0700C. Both will fit to the CNC-milled parts.
| Measure | Verbal description | Link | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1x | 710W 230V arbo motor | Amazon | 59,99€ |
| 3x | inductive limit switches NPN | Aliexpress | 4,44€ |
| 3x | Nema 17 Motors | Aliexpress | 33,00 € |
| 1x | Arduino Uno + CNC-Shield + DRV8825 | Aliexpress | 9,76€ |
| 1x | 12V Powersupply 5A | Aliexpress | 7,05€ |
| whatsoever | wires | - | - |
Step 3: The Main Frame
What you need for this step:
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 32x | M3x8mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 32x | M3-T-One-armed bandit-Nut 6mm-Slot |
| 2x | 400mm MGN12 Linear-Rails |
| 4x | MGN12H-Linear-Rail-Wagon |
| 1x | Y_Axis_Front |
| 1x | Y_Axis_Rear |
| 8x | M6x20mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 8x | M6 automatic washer |
| 2x | 20x40mm aluminium extrusion 6mm one-armed bandit |
What you have to set:
At frist you have to cut eight M6 threads inside the aluminium extrusions. After that you need to bind the MGN12 linear rails to the alumnium extrusions by using the M3x8mm screws. Then you have to take the two wood parts and attach them to the aluminium gibbousness with eighter M6x20mm screws.
Step 4: Y-Ball-Screw
What you postulate for this step:
| Amount | Description |
|---|---|
| 8x | M3x16mm DIN912 cylinderhead bang |
| 4x | M3-nylon nut |
| 8x | M3-washer |
| 1x | FK10 Bearing |
| 1x | 1204-ballscrew trapping |
| 1x | 395mm 1204-ballscrew with tailor-made end-machining |
| 1x | Nema 17 Stepper Drive |
| 1x | 5x8mm shaft-coupler |
What you have to do:
Now it is time to install the Y-ballscrew to the primary frame. At firstborn install the Nema 17-motor to the rear plate and fix IT with four M3x16mm screws. And so you canful slide the 395mm ballscrew in. Once the ballscrew is in home, attach the FK10 bearing at the front end plate. The FK10 carriage is geostationary by quaternity M3x16mm screws and M3-nylon nuts.
Step 5: Y-Ballscrew Plate
What you need for this step:
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 4x | M5x10mm DIN912 cylinderhead chicane |
| 1x | Y_Axis_Nut |
What you throw to do:
For that step, you have to install the Y_Axis_Nut home base to the ballscrew housing. You do that with four M5x10mm screws.
Step 6: The Portal Face
What you need for this step:
| Amount | Description |
|---|---|
| 4x | M4x16mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 4x | M4-T-slot nut 5mm Slot |
| 1x | 330mm 60x20mm atomic number 13 extrusion 5mm one-armed bandit |
| 6x | M5x20mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 6x | M5 washer |
| 16x | M3x12mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 16x | M3 washer |
| 2x | Portal_Side |
What you have to arrange:
At 1st you sustain to connect the two Portal_Side plates to the simple wagons. Later on that you have to attach the 60x20mm extrusion to the Portal_Side plates by using the six M5 screws. At long last colligate the ballscrew living accommodations from the previous step to the extrusion.
Step 7: The Main Plate
What you need for this step:
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 1x | Main_Plate |
| 16x | M6 pounding nut |
What you have to do:
You have to hammer the 16 hammer balmy to the predrilled holes.
Step 8: Bond the Main Plate to the Chief Material body.
What you need for this step:
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 8x | M4x12mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 8x | M4 T-One-armed bandit mut 6mm slot |
| 8x | M4 washer |
What you stimulate to do:
You have to relate the preassembled Main_Plate to the main frame. The connection is successful with eight M4x12mm screws.
Step 9: Portal
What you need for this stair:
| Amount | Description |
|---|---|
| 32x | M3x8mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 32x | M3-T-time slot nut 6mm slot |
| 8x | M4x12mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 8x | M4x20mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 32x | M4 automatic washer |
| 2x | 400mm MGN12 Linear Rail |
| 4x | MGN12H Linear Wagon |
| 2x | 428mm 20x20mm 6mm slot Al extrusions |
| 4x | 4020 weight bracket |
| 1x | portal home plate |
What you have to make:
At first you make to connect the linear rail to the aluminium extrusion.Then place the extrusions on the vena portae plate. Now screw the extrusions to the extrusions. Don't forget to place the angle brackets.
Step 10: X-Ballscrew
What you need for this tread:
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 4x | M3x10mm DIN912 cylinderhead get it on |
| 4x | M3x16mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 8x | M3 washer |
| 4x | M3 nylon bollock |
| 1x | 425mm 1204 Ballscrew |
| 1x | 1204 24mm Ballscrew housing |
| 1x | 5x8mm coupling |
| 4x | M6x20mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 4x | M6 washer |
| 1x | Nema 17 Centrifugal |
| 1x | X_Bearing |
| 1x | X_Motor |
| 1x | FF10 Bearing |
What you throw to do:
You have to place the ballscrew between the two linear rails. The connection of the motor and the FF10 bearing is successful away 4 M6 screws. Don't forget to cut the four M6 threads to the atomic number 13 extrusions.
Footstep 11: X-Posture
What you postulate for this pace:
| Quantity | Verbal description |
|---|---|
| 4x | MGN12H Linear Track Charles's Wain |
| 32x | M3x12mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 32x | M3 washer |
| 1x | X-Carriage plate |
What you have to coif:
Connect the X-Carriage plate to the linear wagons aside using the M3x12mm screws and the predrilled holes.
Step 12: Z-Axis Part 1:
What you call for for this stone's throw:
| Measure | Description |
|---|---|
| 1x | Z-Plate_Front |
| 2x | 250mm MGN12 Linear Track |
| 2x | 250mm 20x20 aluminium extrusions |
| 8x | M4x16 DIN912 cylinderhead bed |
| 16x | M4 washer |
| 8x | M4 t slot nut |
| 20x | M3x8mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 20x | M3 t slot testicle |
What you hold to do:
Relate the simple rails to the extrusions away using the M3x8mm screws. After that attach the extrusions to the Z_Plate_Front .
Whole step 13: Z-Axis Split up 2:
What you need for this footmark:
| Measure | Description |
|---|---|
| 1x | Spindle_Mount plate |
| 1x | Z_Motor plate |
| 4x | M6x20mm DIN912 screws |
| 4x | M6 washer |
What you have to do:
Connect the Spindle_Mount at the bottom of the Z-Axis and the and the Z_Motor plate at the top of the Z-axis vertebra. Don River't forget to cut a M6 thread inside the extrusions.
Step 14: Z-Axis Part 3:
What you need for this mistreat:
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 2x | Z_Plate_Side |
| 8x | M4x16mm DIN912 cylinderhead lie with |
| 16x | M4 washer |
| 8x | M4 T-one-armed bandit-nut |
What you feature to do:
Place the Z_Plate_Side plates at the side of the Z-bloc. Then connect them with the M4x16mm screws
Step 15: Z-Axis Part 4:
What you need for this step:
| Quantity | Description |
|---|---|
| 1x | Nema17 Causative |
| 4x | M3x10mm DIN912 cylinderhead screw |
| 1x | 200mm 1204 Ballscrew |
| 1x | 1204 Ballscrew Housing |
| 1x | 5x8mm shaft coupler |
What you possess to do:
Confiscate the Nema 17 motor to the predrilled holes and tie it with four M3x10mm screws. After that link the ballscrew to the Nema 17 motor with the 5x8mm shaft coupling.
Step 16: Unite the Z-Axis vertebra and the Portal
What you need for this tone:
| Quantity | Verbal description |
|---|---|
| 4x | M5x16mm DIN912 cylinderhead eff |
| 4x | M5 washer |
What you take in to do:
Slide the Z-Axis vertebra into the linear wagons on the X-Bearing. Then connect the Z-ballscrew to the X-Baby buggy with iv M5x16mm screws.
Step 17: Connect the Portal to the Main Frame
What you deman for this step:
| Quantity | Verbal description |
|---|---|
| 6x | 2040 angle iron |
| 32x | M4x20mm DIN912 screws |
| 64x | M4 washer |
| 32x | M4 nylon nut |
What you have to coif:
Finally connect the portal site to the briny redact. You do this past victimization six additional angle brackets. All the requiered holes are predrilled. Please have a look at the pictures, where the angle brackets are located.
Step 18: Make the Mandrel
For the connection between the spindle and the machine, I am victimization the allready existing mandril mount. You simply need to remove the plastic part at the merchantman of the mount.
Step 19: Confiscate the Spindle Mount to the Simple machine
What you deman for this step:
| Amount | Description |
|---|---|
| 4x | M4x16mm DIN912 piston chamber head screw |
| 4x | M4 washer |
| 1x | Mandril mount |
What you have to do:
Place the mandrel mount on the Z-axis vertebra. Then connect it to the Z-axis with four M4x16mm screws. Formerly completed, you can slide the arbo inside the spindle mount.
Step 20: Electronics
For the electronics I am using an Arduino Uno with a CNC-buckler. This is the cheapest methode to controll the CNC.
For the connection you have got to connect the X-Motor to the X-Motor-Interface, the Y-Efferent to the Y-Motor-Port and the Z-Motor to the Z-Motor Port wine. Then you possess to join 12V to the board at the blue terminal pins. After that link information technology to your Personal computer and flash the software (GRBL or ESTLCAM) to the Arduino.
Now you should be able to move your machine.
(climax soon):
On the car there are also holders for inductive 12mm end switches in the CNC milled frame. I am still waiting for delivery, so when they arrieved, I will update the command.
Step 21: Software
To controll the machine you pauperism 3 types of software:
1. CAD software:
Inside the CAD software package you create your 3D-File, which you want to manufature. I personally use Fusion360 for this kind of application.
2 .CAM software:
In the CAM software you define the tool track of your CNC machine, here you can besides use Fusion360, because it has a build in River Cam-mental faculty.
3. G-code Sender:
The G-code sender took the G-code file, from the CAM-Package and sends it to the controller of the machine. Because I am using an Arduino as the controller you potty role GRBL Eastern Samoa a software package along the Arduino and a G-code sender like "Univerversal-Gcode-Transmitter" or "bcnc"
Or els I also want to mention Estlcam. In Estlcam, the CAM and comptroller set forth are combined in matchless software (If you use an Arduino as your controller). Too it is more mere to use compared to some other CAM Software.
Step 22: Configure Estlcam for This Machine
I personally recommend to use Estlcam finished GRBL for this CNC because of these aspects:
- IT is a good deal easier to configurate than GRBL
- It has a work up in Cam River, so you wear't need any additive Software
- Controller and CAM are concerted in one Computer software
Nowadays I want to show you which configuration you have to execute, that the political machine bequeath work propably:
1. Open up Estlcam and go to "Einstellungen" then come home connected "CNC Steuerung"
2. After that a window bequeath open with some configurations. There you testament see all the basic values for this machine. Once you have each the settings like in the picture, unite your Arduino to your computer, select the exact COM-Port, click on "Steuerung-Programmieren": 
3. If the programming of the Arduino was a success, close "Estlcam" and open "CNC-Controller". Now you should be competent to affect your machine. 
4.Hither is a video of the test-file. The mental test file can be downloaded at the bottom of this step. The feedrate in the testfile is 2400mm/min.
Whole tone 23: CNC-Milled Results
Present I will bear witness you more or less CNC-processed parts, which where milled connected this machine. ( lean will be figurative in the future )
3 Masses Ready-made This Project!
Recommendations
Source: https://www.instructables.com/LOW-COST-DIY-500-CNC-MILL/
Posted by: wrightcoma1941.blogspot.com
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